Oven.



L. C. REESE.

OVEN.

APPLICATION FILED ocT. 25l I9I5.

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1 `Q l d m w WITNESSES: I W WM, @y M? UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

LOUIS CHARLES Hunsii, or SAGINAW, i/IIoHreAHnssIGNoH To WERNER aV PFLEIDERHH co., or saernaw, MICHIGAN, A rima.

OVEN.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 15, 191e.

Original application filed April 24, k19,15, Serial No. 23,706. Bvide and thisvapplcation filed October 25,

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, LOUIS CHARLES Riinsn, a residentof Saginaw, in the county of Saginaw andState of Michigan, have invented new and useful Improvements in Ovens, of which the following is a specification.

lIhis invention relates to improvements in ovens heated tok higher temperatures, such as baking ovens, `japanning and enameling stoves, drying kilns, annealing furnaces and the like, and has for its objects greater economyin fuelV and labor and greater efficiency in producing and regulating the heat required and in working such ovens than was possible to attain heretofore. To this end I employ a new inverted combustion furnace y in which the fuel is burnt by means of air preheated by the waste heat of the oven which may consist of the heat carried away to the chimney by the used fire gases, or of the heat absorbed by the outer structure of the oven and lost to thefsurroundings. I also introduce air thus preheated into the fire chamber of the oven either in order to burn the combustible gases still contained in the fire gases leaving the furnace, or in order gradually to cool the oven after the furnace has been put out of activity.

The novel features, arrangements,parts and combinations thereof which constitute this invention, are fully explained in the following description of an example of its application which is also represented in the accompanying drawing forming part of this specification.

The drawing represents a longitudinal section of a baking oven heated according to this invention by an inverted combustion furnace similar to that disclosed in an application filed by me on April 24, 1915, and having the Serial No. 23,706, the fire chamber of the oven being situated between the back walls of the furnace and of the baking chamber, and the heat being transferred from the fire chamber to the baking chamber by Perkins tubes.

Like characters of reference indicate corresponding parts serving the same or similar purposes.

A represents the oven, B the baking chamber of A, C the Perkins tubes heating B and its contents, D the iire chamber in which the furnace ends of the Perkins tubes areheated Serial No. 57,736.

by the iregases, E the new inverted combustion furnace and F the tube leading air from the front of A into E.

' Gr is the arrangement for heating air taken from the back ofthe oven and leading it into l5, I-I the channel and distributer con-V ducting the redhot fire gases from E into D,

and I the tube and distributer leading air from the front of the oven into D. i

The oven A is constructed of brick and iron and completely incloses the back and side walls and a part of the top of the furnace E, the front of the latter beingpro- Y tected against loss-of heat by an air-jacket or a mantle of insulating material.

t 1s the `brickwork forming the top of A, and a, the flue contained therein and leading the used fire gases from D to the chimg ney a, provided with the slide valve a, for Y c, c are the front parts of the Perkins tubes C contained within the baking chamber B and heating same, its contents and the i surrounding brickwork on, a5, a6 and a, of A, and 0 c, represent the furnace ends 0f C absorbing the heat of the fire gases passing through the fire chamber D. The'latter has at its upper end the narrow outlet d for the used firegases which, after passing through the wider channel d1, enter the flue a1.

The walls of the inverted combustion furnace E consist of the cast iron casing e', the cast iron top e1 and the firebrick lining el. The bottom of E is formed by the grate e3 which is preferably a so-called rocking grate and self cleaning. The top e,- carries the door e, for chargingthe furnace with fuel. This door and all the other doors arranged at E and the ashpit belonging to E, must be constructed in such a manner and provided with such appliances that they can be liermetically closed. In regard to the door 6 this is attained by the movable yoke estl'ad- L.

dling el, and the screw e6 passing through e5 for tightening the same.

eT is a small door arranged immediately above the grate e3 for stoking the fire in case the grate should refuse to Work; es is the movable yoke and screiv belonging to this door for tightening it.

e, is the channel arranged at the top e, for

conducting the preheated air from F around 6 then through the narrovver, but broad channel el, arranged doivn along the front of the casing e betiveen the channel e, and the inlet el, into the burning fuel above the grate.

en is the ashpit belonging to E, but formed by a cast iron structure separate therefrom.

el?, is the ashpit door which is provided with the tightening arrangement (yoke and screw) eli.

6,5 is a Waterpipe provided with the regulating cock c, for letting Water into the incandescent fuel in the furnace if so desired.

el, is the insulating material covering the front of the furnace E.

The air pipe F is provided with the graduated slide-valve f for regulating the inflow of air into F and `thereby into the furnace E, and f, is the coil-shaped part of F placed into the channel Z1 Where the used `firegases coming fresh from D give off their fiercest heat to the already hot air in F heated in the flue al. For being able to shut 0E the main-air from Athe furnace at the back of the oven, F is provided With the throttle valve f2 Worked by the rod f, and the handle f4.

g, (j, and g2 are the three compartments of the heating box G in which the air entering the compartment g through the pipe g3 is preheated by the ivalls and bottom of the ashpit, the iiregas channel H and the surrounding brickivork of the furnace and oven. The air inlet L73 is provided With the graduated slide valve lr]A for regulating the inflow of air into G. The air entering G through 9,., passes successively through the compartments g, g1 and g2 and travels then through the pipe g5 arranged Within the brickivorlt at the'side of the furnace E into the lat-ter, entering at its upper part at gs. The tube g5 is provided with the throttlevalve g, Worked bythe rod lg and the handle gg.

In the arrangement H for conducting the fresh, redhot fire gases from E into D, the latter travel through the opening L the channel It, in which light particles of ashes will be retained, and the opening h2 into D, if the iregases leave the furnace through the grate eg; but, if a special outlet 7L, is arranged above the latter, they pass through and the channel ha. into h, and then as before throughy h2 into D. The opening h may be blocked in the latter case. Openings at the bottom of the channel hlivhich are usually closed by brick blocks, serve for cleaning the channel h1.

rlhe air inthe tube l is preheated by the.

spent firegases in. the flue a, and by the brickivorkaT receiving the fierce heat of the heating chamber-D. I is provided with the graduated slide-valve z' regulating the1 air passing through I, and the distributing channel l with its epenings z', spreading'the air across the length of D.

The 'modus operandi of the furnace E and of its accessories is as follouf's2-Assuming the re were to be started, the doors ed, and c slide valves f and g, of the tivo air inlets of the furnace E are opened. After a short time the first small chargev Will be agloW and the furnace hot enough; it is then completely filled ivith fuel through the door e4, and, after the latter has been closed again, the heat produced ier-regulated by regulating the slide valves of the air inlets, f and g4.

ln this Way the foreman Who Works at the oven front, is enabled to regulate the heat produced and thereby thetemperature of the oven Without leaving his place.

If the fuel Within the furnace is quite incandescent, producer gas may be made by limiting the quantitv of air let into the rfurnace to the required amount, using mainly the air-inlet g5. In this case a small amount of Water may be introduced into the furnace through the Water pipe @15. Air is then introduced into the heating chamber D through the tube I in quantities regulated according to requirements by means of the slide valve z'. As soon as air and gas meet in the redhot'chamber, the latter lights up immediately Without any danger of explosion.

Another object of the airpipe I is to introduce air into D. after the air inlets f and g., have been closed and thereby the combustion in the furnace E ceases, in order to cool the lire cham D and thereby the oven.

I claim:

1. In an oven` the combination Wit-h an inverted combustion furnace for heating the same, an oven chamber adapted to receive the articles to be heated, a re chamber v er situated between the back Walls of the fur` naceand the oven chamber, a flue running along the top ofthe oven and leading the spent lire gases from the fire chamber to the chimney, means arranged at the said flue and worked from the oven front for regulating the draft caused by the chimney in the same, apipe open to they air and passing along inside the said flue and through the brickwork interposed between the same and the furnace for leading the air thus preheated into the latter, means arranged at the end of the said pipe protruding from the oven front for regulating the amount of air flowing therethrough, a pine open to the air and passing along inside the iiue leading the fire-gases to the chimney and down through the back wall of the oven chamber for leading the air thus preheated to the lower part of the fire chamber, means for distributing the preheated air therein, and means arranged atV the end of said pipe protruding from the oven front for regulating the inflow of air thereinto.

2. In an oven the combination with an inverted combustion furnace for heating the same, of an oven chamber adapted to receive the articles to be heated, a fire chamber situated between the back walls vof the furnace and the oven chamber and having at the top a narrow passage for the escape of the spent fire gases, means for distributing the burning fire gases coming from the furnace in said fire chamber, a wide channel receiving the spent lire gases from the narrow passage, a flue connecting the said channel with the chimney for leading the spent tire gases thereinto, means for regulating the draft caused by the chimney, a pipe open to the air and running along inside the flue, a coil connected to the said lpipe and arranged in the channel situated between the flue and the fire chamber, a pipe connecting the said coil with the furnace, means for regulating the air thus passing into same, a pipe open tothe air and running through tlie liuc leading the fire gases to the chimney and down the back wall of the oven chamber, means for regulating the inflow of air into this pipe, means arranged at the said pipe for distributing the air preheated therein in the lower part of the fire chamber, a box arranged underneath the ashpit and the re chamber for preheating the air therein, means for regulating the inflow of air into the said box, aA pipe arranged in the brickwork of the oven lfor leading the preheated air from the said box to the upper part of the furnace, and means for regulating the amount of air passing through said pipe.

3. In an oven, the combination with an inverted combustion furnace for heating the same, of an oven chamber adapted to receive the articles to be heated, a fire chamber situated between the back walls of the furnace and the oven chamber, means for distributing the burning fire gases coming from the furnace in said fire chamber, Perkins tubes so arranged as to transfer the heat from the fire chamber to the oven chamber, a flue for leading thespent firegases from the fire' chamber to thevchimney, meansfor regulating the draft in the said flue, a pipe open to theV air and passing through the said flue for leading the air thus preheated to the furnace, means for regulating the amount of .air passing through the said pipe,'a pipe opento the air and passing through the back wall of the oven chamber for. leading the air thus preheated lto the lower part of the fire chamber and means for regulating the amount of air passing walls of the furnace and of the baking` chamber, means for distributing the burning fire gases coming from the furnace in said fire chamber, a flue leading'the spentfire.

gases from the lire chamber to the chimney,

means for regulating the draft in this iiue, a pipe open to the air passing through the said flue for leading the air thus preheated into the furnace, and means for regulating the amount of air passing through this pipe.

5. A baking oven heated by Perkins tubes, comprising an inverted combustion furnace, a baking chamber, a fire chamber in which the furnace ends of the Perkins tubes are. heated, and which is arranged betweenthe.

fire chamber and means for controlling thej air passing through the said pipe.

LOUIS CHARLES REESE.

Witnesses:

Morris L. JOHNSTON, MARY B. SMITH.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C. 

